| Management |
Activity |
Pre planting*
|
| Nutrients |
• Apply FYM @ 4.0 t/acre or vermicompost @ 2.0 t/acre.
• Incorporation of mustard residue (1 t/acre) + Sesbania green manuring enhances the mustard yield in the long run.
• Seed treatment should be done with Azotobactor culture @ 240 g/acre.
|
| Weeds |
Cultural control
• Deep ploughing during summer
• At the time of field preparation, adopt stale seed bed technique to minimize the weeds menace in field.
• In stale seed bed technique field is irrigated prior to sowing and weed seeds are allowed to germinate. Then the weed seedlings are turned into soil by ploughing before sowing.
|
| Defoliators/soil borne pathogens |
Cultural control:
• Deep ploughing to expose the soil borne pathogens and hibernating stage of defoliators.
• Prepare the level and well drained field to reduce the incidence of Sclerotinia rot.
• Destruction of plant debris
• For club rot management, soil amendment with lime (@ 1 Kg/m2) to raise soil pH to 7.2 or apply Neem cake @ 0.5 Kg/m2
|
Sowing/seedling*
|
| Nutrients |
• Basal application of NPK is done on soil test basis. Generally, 32 Kg N, 16 Kg P and 16 Kg K per acre is required by mustard crop.
• Half of the N dose should be applied at the time of sowing.
• Basal application of 16 Kg Sulphur /acre is also recommended for mustard.
• Under alkaline conditions, S should be applied through Gypsum
|
| Weeds |
Cultural control:
• Adopt crop rotation, if there is infestation of Orobanche in previous season, pulse crop should be sown in place of mustard in that field.
• Early sowing in line with weed free certified seeds.
• Adopt recommended agronomic practices with respect to row spacing, plant spacing, fertilizers application, water management etc. to obtain the healthy plant stand.
• Adopt intercropping with wheat/pulses/ sugarcane.
Chemical control:
• Apply oxadiargyl 6% EC @ 600 ml in 200 l of water/acre 0-3 days after sowing. As pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 30 days after planting, if required
|
| Aphids |
Cultural control:
• Early sowing to avoid damage due to mustard-aphid, and major diseases.
• Use tolerant varieties.
• Early planting to escape the damage.
• Use yellow sticky traps.
Mechanical control:
• Destroy the affected part along with aphid population in the initial stage.
Biological control:
• 2 per cent Neem oil and 5 per cent Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) effective against the mustard aphid
• Ladybird beetles viz., Coccinella septempunctata, Menochilus sexmaculata, Hippodamia variegata and Cheilomones vicina are most eff cient pradators of the mustard aphid. Adult beetle may feed an average of 10 to 15 adults/ day.
• Several species of syrphid /hover fly ie., Sphaerophoria sp., Eristallis sp., Metasyrphis sp., Xanthogramma sp and Syrphus spp.
• The braconid parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae.
• The lacewing, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi.
• Predatory bird Motacilla cospica.
• A number of entomogenous fungi, Cephalosporium spp., Entomophthora and Verticillium lecanii infect aphids
|
|
Chemical control:
• Chlorpyrifos 20 % EC @ 200 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Dimethoate 30% EC @ 264 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Malathion 50% EC @ 400 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Methylparathion 2% DP @ 6000 g/acre
• Monocrotophos 36% SL @150 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Oxydemeton–methyl 25% EC @ 400 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Phorate 10% CG @ 4000 g/acre
• Phosphamidon 40% SL @ 200 ml in 200 l of water/acre
• Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 20-40 g in 200-400 l of water/acre |
| Painted bug |
Cultural control:
• Deep ploughing the soil to destroy eggs of painted bug.
• Early sowing is needed to avoid pest attack.
• Irrigate the crop in IV week after sowing to reduce pest attack.
• Quick threshing of the harvested crop should be done.
Mechanical control:
• Burn the remains of mustard crop so that the stages of insect do not reach the next year crop.
• The bugs usually congregate on the leaves and stem which can be jerked to dislodge them and killed in kerosene water
Biological control:
• Conserve bio-control agents such as Alophora spp. (tachinid fl y) parasitizing eggs of painted bugs.
Chemical control:
• Dichlorvos76% EC @ 250.8 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Imidacloprid 70% WS @ 700 g/100 Kg seed
• Phorate 10% CG @ 6000 g/acre
|
| Mustard saw fly |
Cultural control:
• Summer ploughing to destroy the pupae.
• Early sowing should be done.
• Maintain clean cultivation.
• Apply irrigation in seedling stage for saw fly management because most of the larvae die due to drowning effect.
Mechanical control:
• Collection and destruction of larvae of saw fly in morning and evening.
Biological control:
• Conserve Perilissus cingulator (parasitoids of the larvae), and the bacterium Serratia marcescens which infect the larvae of saw fly.
• Use of bitter gourd seed oil emulsion as on anti- feedant
Chemical control:
• Dimethoate 30% EC@264 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Quinalphos2 5% EC @ 480 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Imidacloprid 70% WS @ 700 g/100 Kg seeds
• Malathion EC 50% EC @ 600 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Methylparathion 2% DP@ 6000 g/acre
|
| Bihar hairy caterpillar** |
Cultural control:
• Pre-monsoon deep ploughing (two/three times) will expose the hibernating pupae to sunlight and predatory birds.
• Removal and destruction of alternate wild hosts which harbour the hairy caterpillars.
Mechanical control:
• Collection and destruction of egg masses and the gregarious stages of early instar larvae twice a week.
Biological control:
• Conserve the natural bio control population of spiders, long horned grasshoppers, praying mantid, robber fly, ants, green lace wing, damsel flies/dragon fly, flower bugs, shield bugs, lady bird beetles, ground beetle, predatory cricket, earwig, braconids, trichogrammatids, green muscardine fungus.
|
| White rust/ Downy mildew** |
Cultural control:
• Use certified seeds of resistant/tolerant variety
• Follow timely sowing of crop.
• Adopt proper field sanitation.
• Follow proper crop rotation.
• Destruct crop debris particularly stag heads of previous year crop.
• Avoid over irrigation or water stagnation.
• Apply potash in recommended dose
Botanical control:
• Treat the seeds with freshly prepared garlic bulb extract @ 2% (w/v).
Chemical control:
• Metalaxyl 35% WS @ 0.75- 1.0 Kg/100 Kg seed
• Metalaxyl M 4% + mancozeb 64% WP @ 1000 g in 400 l of water/acre
• Metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64% WP @1000 g in 400 l of water/acre (white rust)
|
Vegetative
|
| Nutrients |
• Top dressing of N @ 16 Kg per acre at 45 days after sowing.
• Foliar application of thiourea (0.1%) at 50% flowering to enhance mustard productivity.
|
| Weeds |
• Applications of two drops of soybean oil per young shoot of Orobanche reduced infestation.
• Hand tool weeding at 25 and 45 days after sowing.
|
| Painted bug |
• Collection and destruction of nymphs & adults
• Others cultural, biological and chemical same as sowing stage
|
| Mustard sawfly |
Cultural control:
• Collection and destruction of grubs of saw fly in morning and evening.
• Others cultural, biological and chemical same as sowing stage.
• Sow crop before 20 October
|
| Diamondback moth** |
Mechanical control:
• Installing pheromone traps @ 4/acre to monitor the adult activity.
• Collection and careful destruction of the larvae.
Biological control:
• Conserve Cotesia plutellae, as it is an important parasitoid for diamond back moth.
• Diadegma insulare is the most important parasitoid of the diamondback moth.
• Application of 4% NSKE.
|
| Leaf miner |
Cultural control:
• Yellow sticky traps or cards may reduce the density of leaf miners
Biological control:
• Parasitoids : Gronotoma micromorpha (larva and pupa), Diglyphus isaea (larva) Halticoptera circulus and Opius phaseoli (pupal) Chrysocharis pentheus, Neochrysocharis formosa (westwood)
• Predators : Lacewings, ladybug beetle, spiders, fire ants
Chemical control:
• Dimethoate 30% EC @ 264 ml in 200-400 l of water/acre
• Methyl parathion 2% DP @10000 g/acre
• Carbofuran 3% CG @ 26,640 g/acre
|
| Cabbage head borer & larger moth (leaf Webber)** |
Mechanical control:
• Collection and careful destruction of the larvae at gregarious stage at least twice a week.
Biological control:
• Conserve parasitoid Pteromalus puparium.
• Application of 4% NSKE
|
| Bihar hairy caterpillar** |
Cultural control:
• Same as in sowing stage.
|
| Alternaria leaf spot |
Cultural control:
• Use certified/resistant/tolerant variety of seeds
• Adopt timely sowing between 10-25 October.
• Follow proper field sanitation.
• Remove weeds particularly collateral host plants.
• Apply recommended dose of potash to reduce disease incidence.
Chemical control:
• Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @1000 g in 400 l of water/acre
|
| White rust and downy mildew** |
• Same as sowing stage |
| Bacterial blight** |
Cultural control:
• Follow proper crop and field sanitation.
• Follow proper crop rotation.
|
| Powdery mildew |
Cultural control:
• Follow timely sowing of seeds.
• Adopt proper field sanitation.
• Destruct crop infected crop residues.
• Apply potash in recommended dose
|
Flowering
|
| Weeds |
· Uproot Orobanche plants and burn them to reduce spread of Orobanche seeds. |
| Aphids |
• Set yellow sticky trap before onset of flowering |
| Bihar hairy caterpiller** |
• Same as sowing stage |
| Diamondback moth** |
• Same as vegetative stage |
| Leaf miner |
• Same as vegetative stage |
| Alternaria blight |
• Same as vegetative stage |
| White rust, downy mildew** |
• Same as sowing stage |
| Club root** |
Cultural control:
• Follow long term crop rotation.
• Destroy all cruciferous weeds.
• Follow timely crop sowing between 10-25 October.
• Improve the drainage system
|
| Powdery mildew |
• Same as vegetative stage |
| Sclerotinia stem rot** |
Cultural control:
• Implement deep ploughing during summer.
• Use certified seeds of resistant/tolerant varieties.
• Follow timely sowing of crop.
• Use proper field sanitation practices
• Follow crop rotation with non host crops like, rice and maize.
|
Pod formation
|
| Aphids |
• Same as sowing stage |
| Powdery mildew |
• Same as vegetative stage |
| Reproductive /Maturity |
| Weeds |
• Left over weeds before shading of seeds may be removing to reduce the weed seed bank/spread. |
Note: The pesticide dosages and spray fluid volumes are based on high volume spray.
* Apply Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens as seed/seedling/planting material treatment and soil application (if commercial products are used, check for label claim. However, biopesticides produced by farmers for own consumption in their fields, registration is not required).
** Pests of regional significance
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