Small cardmom: Pests

Pests of National Significance

Insect pests

• Cardamom thrips: Sciothrips cardamomi Ramakrishna (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
• Shoot/panicle/capsule borer: Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
• Early capsule borer: Jamides alecto felder (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
• Rootgrub: Basilepta fulvicornis Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Diseases

• ‘Katte’ or mosaic or marble disease: Cardamom mosaic virus
• Primary nursery leaf spot: Phyllosticta elettariae Chowdhury
• Capsule rot/azhukal disease: Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae Breda de Haan, P. meadii McRae
• Nursery leaf rot: Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp.
• Damping off or seedling rot: Pythium vexans de Bary and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht
• Clump rot or rhizome rot: Pythium vexans de Bary, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Fusarium sp.

Nematode

• Root-knot nematode: Meloidogyne spp.

Weeds

Broadleaf

• Goat weed: Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae)
• Spanish needles: Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae)
• Creeping wood sorrel: Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalidaceae)
• Neanotis wightiana Wallich ex Wight & Arnott) N. indica (Rubiaceae)
• Soft blumea: Blumea wightiana D. (Asteraceae)
• Little ironweed: Vernonia cineria (L.) Less. (Asteraceae)
• Asiatic pennywort: Centella asiatica L. (Apiaceae)

Grasses

• Bermuda grass: Cynodon dactylon (L) (Poaceae)
• Crowfoot grass: Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Poaceae)
• Wrinkled duck-beak: Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. (Poaceae)
• Buffalo grass: Paspalum conjugatum Bergius (Poaceae)
• Bunch grass: Eragrostis tanella (L.) Roem.& Schult. (Poaceae)
• Wavy leaf basket grass: Oplimenus undulatifolius (Ard.) (Poaceae)

Sedges

• Purple nutsedge: Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae)

Rodents

• Three stripped squirrel: Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus)
• Lesser bandicoot: Bandicota bengalensis (Gray)

Pests of Regional Significance

Insect and mite pests

• Cardamom whitefly: Kanakarajiella cardamomi David and Subramaniam (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
• Hairy caterpillars: Eupterote undata, E. fabia, E. cardamomi, E. canaraica, E. mollis and E. blanda (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae)
• Shoot fly: Formosina flavipes, Malloch (Diptera: Chlopidae)
• Lacewing bug: Stephanitis typicus Distant (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

IPM for Small Cardamom

To know the IPM practices for Small Cardamom, click here.

Source: NIPHM and Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage