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Nutritional Deficiencies of Grapes

Nitrogen

Deficiency symptoms
  • Overall reduction in growth.
  • Leaves become uniformly light-green or yellow. Reddening of petiole
  • Berries may be small
Management
  • Soil application of urea @ 20-60 Kg/acre
  • Foliar spray of urea (0.3 – 0.5%) 1- 4 times along the growing season , depending on the deficiency severity.

Potassium

Deficiency symptoms
  • Starts as yellowing (white varieties) or bronze-reddening (red varieties) of olderleaf margins.
  • As the deficiency worsens, leaf margins become necrotic and curl upwards and inter-vein alchlorosis develops.
  • Berry set can be poor.
Management
  • Soil application of 200- 320 Kg K2O/acre for 2-3 years
  • Foliar sprays of sulphate of potash (0.4 -1%), 3-4 times every 15 d before and after flowering.
  • Other commercial fertilizers containing K can be used

Magnesium

Deficiency symptoms
  • Bright yellow (white varieties) or red (red varieties) wedge-shaped areas extend inwards between the veins on older leaves.
  • When severe, necrosis extends inwards from the leaf margins.
  • Fruit cluster stem necrosis and berry withering
Management
  • Soil application of 20-40 Kg MgO/acre
  • Foliar application of Magnesium sulphte (2%if MgO =32% or if MgO = 16%) or magnesium chloride /nitrate (1-1.5%) 3-6 times every week, beginning from fruit set
  • Sprays against stem necrosis by magnesium sulphate (as above).

Phosphorus

Deficiency symptoms
  • Vines may have stunted shoots and fruitfulness is likely to be poor.
  • Appearance of red dots on basal leaves, especially on the mid or terminal lobes and at first distant from secondary veins.
  • The red dots, at first randomly distributed, later line up at right angles to the secondary veins and form dark red bars, which coalesce into islands between green veins.
Management
  • Apply ammonium mono phosphate as an N source (11-52-0).

Sulphur

Deficiency symptoms
  • Reddening of young leaves. Red dots near the edges of adults leaves. Red dots may coalesce later into red bars at right angles to the vein leaves can drop
  • Reduced growth lignification is impaired
  • Small and loose cluster, due to reduced fruit set
Management
  • Soil application of 20-40 Kg/acre P2O5

Boron

Deficiency symptoms
  • Shoot tip death and short internodes, resulting in shoots with a zigzag appearance.
  • Yellowing or reddening dots rolling down, corrugation and odd shapes in young leaves
  • Fruit set is often poor and bunches often have „hen and chicken‟ berries
  • Browning of hypodermal cells and breaking of berry
Management
  • Soil application of borax(Sodium tetraborate) 12-32 Kg/acre
  • Foliar application of solubor(20.5%B),0.25% 3 times every 15 days ,beginning from 5th -6th leaf development stage.

Iron

Deficiency symptoms
  • Young leaves show interveinalchlorosis.
  • When severe, leaves are likely to be very pale with necrotic blotches. Shoots are likely to be stunted in their growth.
  • Loose cluster shot berries
Management
  • Soil application of Fe-EDTA or foliar application of Ferrous Sulphate (250g/100 litre water) + citric acid (50g) + liquid detergent

Manganese

Deficiency symptoms
  • Stunted growth
  • Interveinal chlorosis or reddening of adults leaves. mosaic like arrangement of yellow /red spots, bordered by the smallest green veins
  • Delay of berry ripening
Management
  • Foliar sprays of manganese sulphate (0.2 -0.5%) , 3 times, one before and two after flowering
  • Foliar sprays of Manganese chelates.

Zinc

Deficiency symptoms
  • Short internodes, resulting in shoots with a zigzag appearance
  • Shoot tips have small upward curling of leaves.
  • Mottled, light coloured interveinal colouring on leaves. Small, poorly developed bunches with hen and chicken berries.
Management
  • Soil application borax (sodium tertaborate) 12-16 Kg/acre
  • Foliar sprays of zinc sulphate (0.5 -1.0%) neutralized with calcium carbonate,3 weeks before flowering

IPM for Grapes

To know the IPM practices for Grapes, click here.

Source: NIPHM and Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage

Last Modified : 2/13/2020



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