Management
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Activity
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Pre-sowing
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Common cultural practices:
- Timely sowing should be done.
- Field sanitation.
- Destroy the alternate host plants
- Plant tall border crops like pearl millet, sorghum for the management of aphids and whitefly.
- Adopt ecological engineering by growing the recommended attractant, repellent, and trap crops around the field bunds.
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Nutrients
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- Get the soil sample tested and apply nutrients based on soil test report. Soil is brought to fine tilth by 2-3 ploughing with harrow or plough.
- Incorporate 4 to 5 tonnes of Farm Yard Manure per acre in soil 2-3 weeks before sowing.
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Weeds
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- Solarisation of soil during summer reduces weed infestation.
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Sowing
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Common cultural practices:
- Timely and line sowing should be done
- Use healthy, certified and weed free seeds.
- Sow with proper spacing
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Nutrients
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- Fertilizers should be applied on soil test basis
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Weeds
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- Always use certified and weed free seeds.
- Timely sowing should be done.
- Line sowing should be done to facilitate inter-culture operations.
- Plant population should be maintained to its optimum right from its beginning to minimize the crop weed competition
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Vegetative stage
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Common cultural practices:
- Collect and destroy diseased and insect infested plant parts.
- Provide irrigation at critical stages of the crop
- Avoid water stress and water stagnation conditions.
Common mechanical practices:
- Collection and destruction of eggs, early stage larvae and adult beetles of white grub.
- Use yellow sticky traps for aphids and whitefly.
- Use light trap @ 1/acre and operate between 6 pm and 10 pm
Common biological practices:
- Conserve natural enemies through ecological engineering
- Augmentative release of natural enemies
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Nutrients
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- Correct micronutrient deficiency if any in standing crop.
- Seed treatment of Thiourea @ 500 ppm in light soils.
- Foliar application of Thiourea @500ppm solution twice in standing crops
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Weeds
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- Keep field boundary & bunds free from weeds.
- The crop field should be weed free initially for 3-4 weeks.
- Inter-culture operation/hoeing should be done twice at 20 and 35 days after sowing-using hand hoe to remove all weeds in between the row.
- Mulches like straw, hay, plastic, etc. should be used in between the rows to suppress the weed growth
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Aphids
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices.
Cultural control:
- Apply optimum doses of nitrogen fertilizers
- Regular field monitoring in the morning hours for monitoring of pests and defender population, barrier crops like pearl millet and sorghum around the field.
Biological control:
- Conserve predators such as ladybird beetles (Cocciniella septumpunctata, Menochilus sexmaculata and Brumoides suturalis.
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Root grub
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
Biological control:
- Use Entomopathogenic nematodes
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Whitefly
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
Biological control:
- Spray neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5%.
- Spray neem oil @ 1%
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Spotted pod borer
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices.
Cultural control:
- Inter cropping are found to be effective.
- Collect and destroy the larvae.
- Keep the field weed free in the initial 25-40 days through intercultural operations and hand weeding
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Pod bugs
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
Biological control:
- Aggregation pheromone traps are widely used as a monitoring tool and partial control measure
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Fusarium wilt
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
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Mung bean Yellow mosaic virus
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- Follow common mechanical and biological practices
Cultural practices:
- All the infected plants should be removed carefully and destroyed.
- Control the whitefly
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Bacterial leaf spot/blight
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Follow common mechanical and biological practices
Cultural control:
- Use disease free and certified seeds.
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Charcoal rot or ashy stem blight
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- Follow common mechanical and biological practices
Cultural control:
- All the infected plants should be removed carefully and destroyed.
- Follow intercropping cropping system (Mothbean: Sesame) (1:1 ratio).
- Irrigate field every two weeks to avoid stress contitions
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Reproductive stage
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Nutrients
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- Incorporate crop residues in soil immediately after harvest
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Weeds
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- Remove left over weeds to prevent weed seed spread in field.
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Pod bugs
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
Biological control:
- Aggregation pheromone traps are widely used as a monitoring tool and partial control measure.
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Spotted pod borer
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- Same as in vegetative stage
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