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Tapioca Crop Stage-Wise IPM

Management

Activity

Pre planting

 

Common cultural practices:

  • Summer deep ploughing to a depth of 30-50 cm
  • Field sanitation, rogueing
  • Avoid water logged conditions in the field
  • Follow crop rotation
  • Apply manures and fertilizers as per soil test recommendations

Nutrient

  • Plough the field 4 – 5 times to get a fine tilth. The soil depth should be at least 30 cm and form ridges, furrows and mounds
  • Nutrients should be applied on the basis of soil test report and recommendation for the particular area
  • Apply 5 to 12.5t/ha FYM and incorporate at the time of ploughing along with P fertilizers if needed based on soil test report .

Weed

  • Destroy all the weeds from the plot by deep ploughing during summer
  • Remove all the perennial weeds and their rhizomes/suckers before the onset of monsoon.

Planting*

 

Common cultural practices:

  • Use healthy, disease free cassava stem cuttings (setts). Weeding as and when required (Field sanitation)
  • Crop rotation

Nutrients

  • General Package of practices recommendation is NPK @100:50:100 kg/ha + FYM @12.5 t/ha. Apply full FYM along with full P at the time of land preparation and planting. Half N and half K within 15 days of sprouting the setts and the remaining half N and K within 45 days of first application
  • Apply manures and fertilizers as per soil test recommendations.

Weeds

  • Weed control ground cover mulch can be used over the mounds/ridges/furrows after first interculture and fertilizer application (45-60 days after planting)
  • Hand weeding twice during 30-45 days and 60-75 days
  • Application of pre emergent herbicide oxyflourfen @ 0.2kg/ha (Either of the above can be adopted)

Insect pests and diseases

  • Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices.

Cultural control:

  • Use of pests and diseases free planting material
  • Storing the stems in a vertical position under shade.
  • Destroy infested stems

Biological control:

  • Incorporate 1kg of Trichoderma enriched .farm yard manure (FYM) per plant ( 107 cfu/g of FYM)

Vegetative stage

 

Common cultural practices:

  • Field sanitation ( Frequent weeding), removal of infected/ infested plants
  • Provide irrigation at critical stages of the crop (Water requirement is 3mm/day. Provide half to one litre water per plant during summer months. Avoid water logging
  • Judicious use of fertilizers as mentioned above
  • Common mechanical practices:
  • Use yellow sticky traps @ 4-5 trap/acre

Common biological practices:

  • Conserve natural enemies through ecological engineering
  • Augmentative release of natural enemies

Nutrient

  • In general, fertilizers may be applied as mentioned in ( General recommendation of NPK @100:50:100 kg NPK+FYM@12.5 t/ha).
  • NPK based on soil test report of soil organic carbon, soil available P and K.
  • Otherwise, if the N,P,K content of the soil is found high, apply 75% of the POP, if medium, apply the rate as per POP and if low apply 25% more of POP.
  • Apply full P at the time of land preparation
  • Half N and half K within 15 days of sett sprouting
  • Remaining half N and half K within 45 days of first application.
  • If Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium is used, the dose of N and P can be reduced to 50%. They are applied @ 5g each per plant within one week of sprouting the setts. A time gap of 5-10days is given between fertilizer and biofertilizer application.

Weed

  • If weed control ground cover mulch (the same sheet can be used for five consecutive seasons) is used, it will take care of the weed management till harvest
  • Other weed control measures as mentioned above also can be adopted

Whitefly

  • Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices.

Cultural control:

  • Remove alternate host

Mechanical control:

  • Use yellow sticky traps @ 4-5 traps / acre

Biological methods:

  • Conserve and augment biocontrol agents.
  • Spray 0.5% Neem oil.

Red spider mites

  • Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices

Cultural control:

  • Regular field monitoring for pest and defender population. Use sprinkler irrigation

Biological control:

  • Conserve and augment biocontrol agents.
  • Spray 0.5% neem oil formulation (Eg. ICAR-CTCRI developed biopesticide Nanma) .

Mealybug

  • Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices

Cultural control:

  • Monitoring to detect early presence of the mealy bug.
  • Pruning and burning of infested branches.
  • Removal of weeds/alternate host plants ..
  • .Prevention of the movement of ants and destruction of already existing ant colonies.
  • Cleaning of farm implements before moving it to the uninfested crop.

Biological control:

  • Conserve and augment biocontrol agents.

Scale insects

  • Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices

Cultural control:

  • Initiate control measures during early stages of pest infestation.

Biological control:

  • · Spraying of 0.5% of neem oil formulations.

Cassava mosaic disease

  • Using virus free healthy planting material
  • Removal of infected stems left out in the field to avoid source of inoculums
  • Using CMD resistant variety, Sree Padmanabha

Brown leaf spot

  • Field sanitation
  • Crop rotation
  • Spraying mancozeb 0.2% after the first appearance of the symptom three times at fortnight interval.

Tuber initiation

Nutrient

  • In laterite and red soils, MgSO4 @ 20kg/ha, ZnSO4 @ 12.5 kg/ha and Borax @ 10 kg/ha can be applied after 2 months of planting cassava,
  • In saline and calcareous soils of Tamil Nadu, lime induced Fe chlorosis can be corrected by foliar application of 1% ferrous sulphate along with 1% Zinc sulphate
  • Is any S deficiency is noted apply S@10-20 kg/ha S as elemental S or gypsum or use of sulphur containing fertilizers like ammonium sulphate, single super phosphate or potassium sulphate
  • For soil test based application of Mg, Zn and B (see Table 1,2,3)

Weed

  • Keep the field weed free. As described above

Whitefly

  • Follow common cultural, mechanical, biological methods

Termites

  • Follow common cultural, mechanical, biological methods

Cultural control:

  • Apply well rotten FYM only to discourage termite infestation.
  • Use of crude oil emulsion to destroy the termite colony in the termatorium.

Mechanical control:

  • Dismantle termitaria (termite mounds) around field and kill the termite queen.

Biological control:

  • Spray Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN)

Tuber development stage

Cassava tuber rot

  • Removal of infected tubers
  • Deep ploughing with chisel plough
  • Ridge planting
  • Good drainage and controlled irrigation
  • Soil application of neem cake, and Trichoderma viride
  • Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices

Note: The dosages of pesticides use are based on high volume sprayer

Source: NIPHM, Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage

Last Modified : 12/11/2019



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