Management
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Activity
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Pre planting
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Common cultural practices:
- Summer deep ploughing to a depth of 30-50 cm
- Field sanitation, rogueing
- Avoid water logged conditions in the field
- Follow crop rotation
- Apply manures and fertilizers as per soil test recommendations
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Nutrient
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- Plough the field 4 – 5 times to get a fine tilth. The soil depth should be at least 30 cm and form ridges, furrows and mounds
- Nutrients should be applied on the basis of soil test report and recommendation for the particular area
- Apply 5 to 12.5t/ha FYM and incorporate at the time of ploughing along with P fertilizers if needed based on soil test report .
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Weed
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- Destroy all the weeds from the plot by deep ploughing during summer
- Remove all the perennial weeds and their rhizomes/suckers before the onset of monsoon.
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Planting*
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Common cultural practices:
- Use healthy, disease free cassava stem cuttings (setts). Weeding as and when required (Field sanitation)
- Crop rotation
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Nutrients
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- General Package of practices recommendation is NPK @100:50:100 kg/ha + FYM @12.5 t/ha. Apply full FYM along with full P at the time of land preparation and planting. Half N and half K within 15 days of sprouting the setts and the remaining half N and K within 45 days of first application
- Apply manures and fertilizers as per soil test recommendations.
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Weeds
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- Weed control ground cover mulch can be used over the mounds/ridges/furrows after first interculture and fertilizer application (45-60 days after planting)
- Hand weeding twice during 30-45 days and 60-75 days
- Application of pre emergent herbicide oxyflourfen @ 0.2kg/ha (Either of the above can be adopted)
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Insect pests and diseases
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices.
Cultural control:
- Use of pests and diseases free planting material
- Storing the stems in a vertical position under shade.
- Destroy infested stems
Biological control:
- Incorporate 1kg of Trichoderma enriched .farm yard manure (FYM) per plant ( 107 cfu/g of FYM)
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Vegetative stage
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Common cultural practices:
- Field sanitation ( Frequent weeding), removal of infected/ infested plants
- Provide irrigation at critical stages of the crop (Water requirement is 3mm/day. Provide half to one litre water per plant during summer months. Avoid water logging
- Judicious use of fertilizers as mentioned above
- Common mechanical practices:
- Use yellow sticky traps @ 4-5 trap/acre
Common biological practices:
- Conserve natural enemies through ecological engineering
- Augmentative release of natural enemies
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Nutrient
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- In general, fertilizers may be applied as mentioned in ( General recommendation of NPK @100:50:100 kg NPK+FYM@12.5 t/ha).
- NPK based on soil test report of soil organic carbon, soil available P and K.
- Otherwise, if the N,P,K content of the soil is found high, apply 75% of the POP, if medium, apply the rate as per POP and if low apply 25% more of POP.
- Apply full P at the time of land preparation
- Half N and half K within 15 days of sett sprouting
- Remaining half N and half K within 45 days of first application.
- If Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium is used, the dose of N and P can be reduced to 50%. They are applied @ 5g each per plant within one week of sprouting the setts. A time gap of 5-10days is given between fertilizer and biofertilizer application.
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Weed
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- If weed control ground cover mulch (the same sheet can be used for five consecutive seasons) is used, it will take care of the weed management till harvest
- Other weed control measures as mentioned above also can be adopted
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Whitefly
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices.
Cultural control:
Mechanical control:
- Use yellow sticky traps @ 4-5 traps / acre
Biological methods:
- Conserve and augment biocontrol agents.
- Spray 0.5% Neem oil.
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Red spider mites
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
Cultural control:
- Regular field monitoring for pest and defender population. Use sprinkler irrigation
Biological control:
- Conserve and augment biocontrol agents.
- Spray 0.5% neem oil formulation (Eg. ICAR-CTCRI developed biopesticide Nanma) .
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Mealybug
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
Cultural control:
- Monitoring to detect early presence of the mealy bug.
- Pruning and burning of infested branches.
- Removal of weeds/alternate host plants ..
- .Prevention of the movement of ants and destruction of already existing ant colonies.
- Cleaning of farm implements before moving it to the uninfested crop.
Biological control:
- Conserve and augment biocontrol agents.
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Scale insects
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
Cultural control:
- Initiate control measures during early stages of pest infestation.
Biological control:
- · Spraying of 0.5% of neem oil formulations.
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Cassava mosaic disease
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- Using virus free healthy planting material
- Removal of infected stems left out in the field to avoid source of inoculums
- Using CMD resistant variety, Sree Padmanabha
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Brown leaf spot
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- Field sanitation
- Crop rotation
- Spraying mancozeb 0.2% after the first appearance of the symptom three times at fortnight interval.
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Tuber initiation
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Nutrient
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- In laterite and red soils, MgSO4 @ 20kg/ha, ZnSO4 @ 12.5 kg/ha and Borax @ 10 kg/ha can be applied after 2 months of planting cassava,
- In saline and calcareous soils of Tamil Nadu, lime induced Fe chlorosis can be corrected by foliar application of 1% ferrous sulphate along with 1% Zinc sulphate
- Is any S deficiency is noted apply S@10-20 kg/ha S as elemental S or gypsum or use of sulphur containing fertilizers like ammonium sulphate, single super phosphate or potassium sulphate
- For soil test based application of Mg, Zn and B (see Table 1,2,3)
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Weed
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- Keep the field weed free. As described above
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Whitefly
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical, biological methods
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Termites
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- Follow common cultural, mechanical, biological methods
Cultural control:
- Apply well rotten FYM only to discourage termite infestation.
- Use of crude oil emulsion to destroy the termite colony in the termatorium.
Mechanical control:
- Dismantle termitaria (termite mounds) around field and kill the termite queen.
Biological control:
- Spray Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN)
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Tuber development stage
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Cassava tuber rot
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- Removal of infected tubers
- Deep ploughing with chisel plough
- Ridge planting
- Good drainage and controlled irrigation
- Soil application of neem cake, and Trichoderma viride
- Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices
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