National Nutrition Week

National Nutrition week (NNW) is an annual nutrition event of great importance and is observed in the country from 1st to 7th September every year since 1982.

The week-long observance aims to address the multifaceted challenges of malnutrition and promote healthier lifestyles across the nation.

Theme for 2023

This year’s theme “Healthy diet - affordable for all” emphasizes on the importance of access to healthy diet for everyone, regardless of income or social status.

Healthy diet

Consuming a healthy diet throughout the life-course helps to prevent malnutrition in all its forms as well as a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and conditions. Unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity are leading global risks to health.

People are now consuming more foods high in energy, fats, free sugars and salt/sodium, and many people do not eat enough fruit, vegetables and other dietary fibre such as whole grains. The exact make-up of a diversified, balanced and healthy diet will vary depending on individual characteristics (e.g. age, gender, lifestyle and degree of physical activity), cultural context, locally available foods and dietary customs. However, the basic principles of what constitutes a healthy diet remain the same.

Key facts

• Healthy dietary practices start early in life – breastfeeding fosters healthy growth and improves cognitive development, and may have longer term health benefits such as reducing the risk of becoming overweight or obese and developing NCDs later in life.
• Energy intake (calories) should be in balance with energy expenditure. To avoid unhealthy weight gain, total fat should not exceed 30% of total energy intake. Intake of saturated fats should be less than 10% of total energy intake, and intake of trans-fats less than 1% of total energy intake, with a shift in fat consumption away from saturated fats and trans-fats to unsaturated fats, and towards the goal of eliminating industrially-produced trans-fats.
• Limiting intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake is part of a healthy diet. A further reduction to less than 5% of total energy intake is suggested for additional health benefits.
• Keeping salt intake to less than 5 g per day (equivalent to sodium intake of less than 2 g per day) helps to prevent hypertension, and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke in the adult population.

5 keys to a healthy diet

1. BREASTFEED BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN
   • From birth to 6 months of age, feed babies exclusively with breast milk (i.e. give them no other food or drink), and feed them 'on demand'  (i.e. as often as they want, day and night)
   • At 6 months of age, introduce a variety of safe and nutritious foods to complement breastfeeding, and continue to breastfeed until babies are 2 years of age or beyond
   • Do not add salt or sugars to foods for babies and young children
   • Why? On its own, breast milk provides all the nutrients and fluids that babies need for their first 6 months of healthy growth and development. Exclusively breastfed babies have better resistance against common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea, respiratory infections and ear infections. In later life, those who were breastfed as infants are less likely to become overweight or obese, or to suffer from noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease and stroke. 
2. EAT A VARIETY OF FOODS
   • Eat a combination of dierent foods, including  staple foods (e.g. cereals such as wheat, barley,  rye, maize and rice; or starchy tubers or roots  such as potato, yam, taro and cassava), legumes  (e.g. lentils and beans), vegetables, fruit and foods from animal sources (e.g. meat, fish, eggs  and milk)
   • Why? Eating a variety of whole (i.e. unprocessed) and fresh foods every day helps children and adults to obtain the right amounts of essential nutrients. It also helps them to avoid a diet that is high in sugars, fats and salt, which can lead to unhealthy weight gain (i.e. overweight and obesity) and noncommunicable diseases. Eating a healthy, balanced diet is especially important for young children's growth and development; it also helps older people to have healthier and more active lives.
3. EAT PLENTY OF VEGETABLES AND FRUIT
   • Eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruit
   • For snacks, choose raw vegetables and fresh fruit, rather than foods that are high in sugars, fats or salt
   • Avoid overcooking vegetables and fruit because this can lead to the loss of important vitamins
   • When using canned or dried vegetables and fruit, choose varieties without added salt and sugars
   • Why? Vegetables and fruit are important sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, plant protein and antioxidants. People whose diets are rich in vegetables and fruit have a signicantly lower risk of obesity, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and certain types of cancer.
4. EAT MODERATE AMOUNTS OF FATS AND OILS
   • Use unsaturated vegetable oils (e.g. olive, soy, sunflower or corn oil) rather than animal fats or oils high in saturated fats (e.g. butter, ghee, lard, coconut and palm oil)
   • Choose white meat (e.g. poultry) and fish, which are generally low in fats, in preference to red meat
   • Eat only limited amounts of processed meats because these are high in fat and salt
   • Where possible, opt for low-fat or reduced-fat versions of milk and dairy products
   • Avoid processed, baked and fried foods that contain  industrially produced trans-fat
   • Why? Fats and oils are concentrated sources of energy, and eating too much fat, particularly the wrong kinds of fat, can be harmful to health. For example, people who eat too much saturated fat and trans-fat are at higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Trans-fat may occur naturally in certain meat and milk products, but the industrially produced trans-fat (e.g. partially hydrogenated oils) present in various processed foods is the main source.
5. EAT LESS SALT AND SUGARS 
   • When cooking and preparing foods, limit the amount of salt and high-sodium condiments (e.g. soy sauce and fish sauce)
   • Avoid foods (e.g. snacks), that are high in salt and sugars
   • Limit intake of soft drinks or soda and other drinks that are high in sugars (e.g. fruit juices, cordials and syrups, flavoured milks and yogurt drinks)
   • Choose fresh fruits instead of sweet snacks such as cookies, cakes and chocolate
   • Why? People whose diets are high in sodium (including salt) have a greater risk of high blood pressure, which can increase their risk of heart disease and stroke. Similarly, those whose diets are high in sugars have a greater risk of becoming overweight or obese, and an increased risk of tooth decay. People who reduce the amount of sugars in their diet may also reduce their risk of noncommunicable diseases such as heart disease and stroke.

Source : WHO; ICMR-NIN