Management | Activity |
Pre-sowing
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Common cultural practices:
- Deep summer ploughing and solarization of soil
- Timely sowing should be done.
- Field sanitation, rogueing
- Destroy the alternate host plants
- Apply manures and fertilizers as per soil test recommendations
- Use resistant varieties
- Use disease-free certified seeds
- Crop rotation with non-leguminous crops especially cereals.
- Avoid dense sowing
- Soil amendment with farm yard manure @ 5 tonnes/acre
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Nutrients |
- Before sowing, circular pits of 0.5 m cube are dug during summer.
- Apply well decomposed FYM @ 10-15 Kg per pit
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Weeds |
- At the time of field preparation, adopt stale seed bed technique i.e. pre-sowing irrigation followed by shallow tillage to minimize the weeds menace in field.
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Stem blight, Nematode, Pod borer |
Cultural control:
- Follow optimum sowing depth of 5-7 cm.
- Intercropping with mustard and American marigold where nematodes are a problem
- Besides this American marigold also act as trap crop for Helicoverpa armigera.
- Application of FYM/Neem cake or Mahua cake @ 200 Kg/acre.
Chemical control:
- Spray chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1200ml diluted in 200-400 l of water/acre.(Pod borer)
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Sowing/ seedling
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Common cultural practices:
- Timely and line sowing should be done
- Use healthy, certified and weed free seeds.
- Sow with proper spacing
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Nutrient |
- Seed treatment should be done with Rhizobium cultures @ 250 g/acre.
- At the time of sowing apply phosphatic fertilizers @ 30 g per pit.
- In sulphur and zinc deficient areas, apply sulphur and zinc sulphates as per soil test recommendation in soil at the time of sowing.
- Grow sorghum or bajra as intercrop.
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Weed management |
- Line sowing should be done to facilitate inter-culture operations.
- Plant population should be maintained by gap filling to achieve the optimum plant population and minimize the competition from weed.
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Nematodes |
Cultural control:
- Mulching with straw/pine needles/eucalyptus leaves.
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Bean mosaic virus |
Mechanical control:
- Rougeing of BMV infected plants
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Note: Apply Trichoderma viride/harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens for treatment of seed/seedling/planting materials in the nurseries and field application (if commercial products are used, check for label claim and date of expiry. However, biopesticides produced by farmers for own consumption in their fields, registration is not required). |
Vegetative stage
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Common cultural practices:
- Provide irrigation at critical stages of the crop
- Avoid water stress and water stagnation conditions.
- Enhance parasitic activity by avoiding chemical spray, when larval parasitoids are observed
Common mechanical practices:
- Collection and destruction of eggs, and larvae
- Collect and destroy diseased infected and insect infested plant parts
- Use yellow sticky traps for aphids @ 4-5 traps/acre.
- Use light trap @ 1/acre and operate between 6 pm and 10 pm
- Install pheromone traps @ 4-5/acre for monitoring adult moths activity (replace the lures with fresh lures after every 2-3 weeks)
- Erecting of bird perches @ 20/acre for encouraging predatory birds such as King crow, common mynah etc.
- Set up bonfire during evening hours at 7-8 pm
Common biological practices:
- Conserve natural enemies through ecological engineering
- Augmentative release of natural enemies
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Nutrient |
- Correct micronutrient deficiency if any in standing crop
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Weed
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- Beans suffer severe competition from weeds in initial stages. First 20-30 days after planting is the critical period for crop weed competition. Hand tool weeding at 25 days after sowing is beneficial.
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Bean aphid |
Cultural control:
- Regular field monitoring and use sweep net in the morning hours for monitoring of pest and defender population, barrier crops like mustard crop around the field.
- Attractant plants like sunflower are helpful for attraction of predator.
- Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or millet to reduce pest population.
Mechanical control:
- Set up yellow sticky traps @4-5 traps/acre
- Pruning of affected plant parts
- Use of reflective mulches
- Spray with a strong jet of water to knock aphids from leaves.
Biological control:
- Conserve predators such as ladybird beetles viz., Cocciniella septumpunctata, Menochilus sexmaculata, Hippodamia variegata , Brumus suturalis and Cheilomones vicina etc. Adult beetle feed @10 to15 adults/day.
- Conserve predators such as syrphid flies i.e., Sphaerophoria spp., Eristallis spp., Metasyrphis spp., Xanthogramma spp and Syrphus spp. etc.
- Conserve predators such as lacewing, Chrysoperla zastrowii sillemi etc.
- Spraying of Lecanicillium (Verticilium) lecanii @ 5 g/litre of water
- Spray insecticidal soaps or oils such as neem or canola oil
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Red spider mite |
Cultural control:
- Frequent irrigation during summer season reduces the mite infestation
- Apart from aforesaid practices, regular monitoring is also mandatory for mites
Biological control:
- Conserve predators such as Chrysoperla zastrowii sillemi, anthocorid bug, predatory mite (Amblyseius fallacis), coccinellid (Stethorus punctum) etc
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Mosaic virus |
Cultural practices:
- All the infected plants should be removed carefully and destroyed.
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Bacterial leaf spot |
Cultural control:
- Avoid irrigation at flowering stage when the probability of symptom appearance is maximum
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Powdery Mildew |
Cultural control:
- See the common cultural practices as in vegetative stage
Chemical control:
- Spray benomyl 50 % WP @ 80gm diluted in 240 l of water/acre. Or
- Spray carbendazim 50%WP @ 140gm diluted in 300 l of water/acre. Or
- Spray sulphur 40% WP @ 2.26-3 kg diluted in 300-400 l of water/acre. Or
- Spray sulphur 85% DP @ 6-8 kg /acre.
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Ashy stem blight |
Cultural control:
- See the common cultural practices as in vegetative stage
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Anthracnose and Rust |
Cultural control:
- Balanced use of FYM and fertilizers.
- Planting in well drained soil.
Mechanical control:
- Mulching with pine needles or eucalyptus leaves reduces the angular leaf spot.
Chemical control:
- Spray benomyl 50 % WP @ 80gm diluted in 240 l of water/acre (Anthracnose) Spray lime Sulphur 22% SC @ 1% 0.8-2 l /acre (Rust)
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Flowering stage
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Nutrients |
- Top dress plants with 100 g of Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) in each pit at the time of flowering, mixed well in soil and then irrigate.
- Incorporate healthy crop residues in soil immediately after harvest
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Weeds |
- Remove left over weeds before shedding of seeds to prevent their spread.
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Bean Aphid |
- As mentioned in the vegetative stage
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Jassid |
- As mentioned in the vegetative stage
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Pod borers |
Cultural control:
- Growing intercrops such as onion, maize, coriander in 1:2 ratio, Guard crop sorghum or maize in 4 rows all around main crop
- Rotate the crop with a non-host cereal crop, cucurbit, or cruciferous vegetable.
Mechanical control:
- Use of ovipositional trap crops such as marigold for Helicoverpa.
- Pheromone trap @ 4-5 traps/ acre for Helicoverpa
- Erecting of bird perches @ 20/acre
Biological control:
- Grow repellant plant(s): Basil
- Attractant plants: Carrot family, Sunflower family, Buck wheat, hairy vetch, alfalfa, corn, shrubs (Minute pirate bug and Lace wing)
- Nectar rich plants with small flowers i.e anise, caraway, dill, parsley, mustard, Sun flower, hairy vetch, buck wheat and cowpea (Braconid wasp)
- Release of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis
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Anthracnose |
- As mentioned above in the vegetative stage
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Mosaic virus |
- As mentioned above in the vegetative stage
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Powdery mildew |
- As mentioned above in the vegetative stage
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Fruiting stage
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Anthracnose |
- As mentioned above in the vegetative stage
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Mosaic virus |
- As mentioned above in the vegetative stage
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